|
A keystone is the wedge-shaped stone piece at the apex of a masonry vault or arch, which is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch to bear weight.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture – Keystone )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= keystone )〕 Although a masonry arch or vault cannot be self-supporting until the keystone is placed, the keystone experiences the least stress of any of the voussoirs, due to its position at the apex.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Windows and More About Arches )〕 Old keystones can decay due to vibration, a condition known as bald arch. In a rib-vaulted ceiling, keystones may mark the intersections of two or more arched ribs. For aesthetic purposes, the keystone is sometimes larger than the other voussoirs, or embellished with a boss. Mannerist architects of the 16th century often designed arches with enlarged and slightly dropped keystones, as in the "church house" entrance portal at Colditz Castle (see image). Numerous examples are found in the work of Sebastiano Serlio, a 16th-century Italian Mannerist architect. ==Figurative use== The term is used figuratively to refer to a central element of a larger structure (such as a theory or an organization) that locks the other elements in place and allows the whole to be self-supporting.〔 Example: ''Trade is the keystone of modern civilization.'' See Keystone (disambiguation) for figurative and other non-architectural uses of the term "keystone". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Keystone (architecture)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|